软件工程缩略语

Changecontrolauthority(CCA)-theperson(s)whohaveresponsibilityfordecidingwhetherachangeistobemade Changemanagement-asetofsoftwareengineeringactionsthathelpsensurethatchangesareproperlyidentified,controlled,andreported Changereport-providesdetailonthenatureofworkrequiredtomakeachange Changerequest-providesdetailonthetypeofchangethatisrequested Chiefprogrammerteam-onewayoforganizingprojectstaff Classes-abasicconstructinobject-orientedmethodsthatcategorizeselementsoftheproblem Classiclifecycle-alinear,sequentialapproachtoprocessmodeling Clusters-acollectionofprogramcomponents(modules)thatistestedasagroup Coding-thegenerationofsourcecode Cohesion-aninformalmeasureofthedegreetowhichasoftwarecomponentimplementsasingle,focusedfunction Complexity-aquantitativemeasureofaprogram'scomplexity Component(alsocalledSoftwarecomponent)-anamed,modularbuildingblockforcomputersoftware Componentreuse-theabilitytoreuseaportionofamodel,sourcecode,testcase,etc. Configuration-thecollectionofprograms,documentsanddatathatmustbecontrolledwhenchangesaretobemade Configurationaudit-anactivityperformedbyanSQAgroupwiththeintentofensuringthatthechangecontrolprocessisworking Configurationcontrol-thecontrolofchangestoprograms,documentsordata Configurationitems-theindividualpiecesofprograms,documentsanddatathatarecontrolledusingSCM Configurationstatusreporting(CSR)-anactivitythathelpsoftwaredevelopertounderstandwhatchangeshavebeenmadeandwhy Constraints-anrestrictionsorlimitationsplacedonrequirementsordesign Correctivemaintenance-findingandfixingdefectsthathavebeenreportedbyusers Coupling-aninformalmeasureofthedegreetowhichasoftwarecomponentisconnectedtoothercomponents,todata,andtotheexternalenvironment CRC(class-responsibility-collaborator)modeling-anobject-orientedmodelingmethodthatidentifiesandorganizesclassesarearerelevanttoasystem Customer-thepersonorgroupthathasrequestedthesoftwareandwillbepayingthebillforitsdevelopment Cyclomaticcomplexity-ameasureofthelogicalcomplexityofanalgorithm,usedinwhite-boxtesting Datadesign-anactivitythattranslatesthedatamodeldevelopedduringanalysisintoimplementabledatastructures Datadictionary-adatabasethatcontainsdefinitionsofalldataitemsdefinedduringanalysis;seealso,Requirementsdictionary Dataflowdiagram(DFD)-amodelingnotationthatrepresentsafunctionaldecompositionofasystem Datamodeling-ananalysismethodthatmodelsdataobjectsandtheirrelationships Dataobjects-aninputoroutputthatisuservisible Datawarehouse-alarge,independentdatabasethathasaccesstodatabasesthatservemanydifferentapplicationsthatarerequiredbyabusiness Debugging-theactivityassociatedwithfindingandcorrectinganerrorordefect-alackofconformancetorequirementsfoundinthesoftwareafterdeliverytothecustomer Defectamplification-whenadefectisintroducedearlyinthesoftwareprocessandremainsundetected,itoftenisamplifiedintomultipledefectslaterinthesoftwareprocess Defectremovalefficiency(DRE)-anondimensionratio(between0and1)thatprovidesanindicationofthedegreetowhicherrorsareremovedfromsoftwarebeforeitisreleasedtoend-users

Design-anactivitythattranslatestherequirementsmodelintoamoredetailedmodelthatistheguidetoimplementationofthesoftware Designspecification-adocumentthatdescribesthedesign Designwalkthrough-aformaltechnicalreviewofthedesign Detaildesign-adesignactivitythatfocusesonthecreationofanalgorithm Documentation-descriptiveinformation Documents-deliverablesproducedaspartofthesoftwareengineeringprocess Domainanalysis-anobject-orientedsoftwareengineeringactivitythatattemptstoidentifyclassesthatarerelevanttoanentireapplicationdomain,ratherthanaspecificapplication Effort-thework-timeproduct(e.g.,person-days)associatedwithaproject Engineeringchangeorder(ECO)-amini-specificationthatdescribesthetechnicalaspectsofachange Enhancement-anextensionoffunctionalorperformancerequirements Equivalencepartitioning-ablack-boxtestingmethod Errors-alackofconformancefoundbeforesoftwareisdeliveredtothecustomer Estimation-aprojectplanningactivitythatattemptstoprojecteffortandcostforasoftwareproject Extremeprogramming-anagileprocessmodelthatemphasizesscenario-basedplanning,incrementaldelivery,refactoring,pairprogrammingandcontinuoustesting. Factoring-atechniquethatdistributescontrolandworkinatop-downmannerwithinasoftwarearchitecture(usedapartofstructuredanalysis) FAST-Facilitatedapplicationspecificationtechniques,astructuredmeetingbetweendeveloperandcustomer;intentistodefinebasicrequirements Formalmethods-asoftwareengineeringapproachinwhichspecificationanddesignaredescribedusingmathematically-basedformalnotation Formaltechnicalreviews-astructuredmeetingconductedbysoftwareengineeringwiththeintentofuncoveringerrorsinsomedeliverableorworkproduct Formulation-aWebengineeringactionthatidentifiesbusinessneed,describesWebAppobjectives,definesmajorfeaturesandfunctions,andestablishesmechanismsforrequirementsgathering Functionpoints-ameasureoftheutilitydeliveredbyanapplication Functionaldecomposition-atechniqueusedduringplanning,analysisanddesign;createsafunctionalhierarchyforthesoftware Go,no-godecision-apointatwhichmanagerorthecustomerdecideswhethertheprojectshouldproceed GQM(Goal,Question,Metric)paradigm-atechniquefordefiningmeaningfulmetricsforanypartofthesoftwareprocess Grammaticalparse-atechniquethatisusedduringanalysisandintendedtohelpisolatebasicdataobjectsandfunctions High-ordertests-black-boxtestsconductedoncethesoftwarehasbeenintegrated Independenttestgroup(ITG)-agroupofpeoplewhoseprimaryresponsibilityissoftwaretesting Interfacedesign-asoftwareengineeringactionthatestablishesthestructureandworkflowforauserinterface;followsthree"goldenrules:"placetheuserincontrol,reducetheuser'smemoryleoad,maketheinterfaceconsistent. Integrationtesting-atestingstepthatconstructsthesoftwarewhiletestingit Integration-thespecificapproachtointegrationtesting Interoperability-thedegreetowhichoneapplicationcommunicatesorinterfaceswithanother ISO9001:2000-aqualityassurancestandardthatappliestosoftwareengineering Jointapplicationdevelopment(JAD)-aspecificFASTtechnique Levelsofabstraction-thedegreeofdetailwithwhichsomerepresentationofthesoftwareispresented Line-of-codemetrics-measuresofqualityorproductivitythatarenormalizedusinglinesofcodeproduced Loadtesting-atestingtaskthatdetermineshowsoftware(oftenaWebApp)willrespondtovariousloadingconditions LOC-linesofcode Looptesting-awhiteboxtestingtechniquethatexercisesprogramloops Maintainability-thedegreetowhichaprogramisamenabletochange Maintenance-theactivitiesassociatedwithchangestosoftwareafterithasbeendeliveredtoend-users Make-buydecision-determiningwhethersoftwareshouldbebuiltinternally,acquired,contractedorbuiltfromreusablecomponents Measurement-collectingquantitativedataaboutthesoftwareorthesoftwareengineeringprocess Metrics-aspecificmeasurement Milestones-apointintimethatisusedtoindicateprogressduringaproject Modulardesign-adesignapproachthatstressesmodularity Modularity-anattributeofadesignthatleadstothecreationofhighqualityprogramcomponents Navigationanalysis-aWebengineeringactionthatestablisheshowauserwillnavigatebetweenvariouselements(e.g.,content,functions)ofaWebApp Object-oriented-anapproachtosoftwaredevelopmentthatmakesuseofaclassificationapproachandpackagesdataandprocessingtogether Object-orientedanalysis(OOA)-atechniquefordefinedclassesofobjects,theirrelationshipsandbasicstructure Object-orienteddesign(OOD)-atechniquefortranslatingtheOOAmodelintoanimplementationmodel Objects-anamedelementoftheproblemdomaincontainingdataandprocessing OCL(ObjectConstraintLanguage)-asupplementtoUML,thisformallanguageallowsasoftwareengineertoconstructunambiguousstatementsaboutthecharacteristicsofvariousdesignmodelelements

Outsourcing-contractingsoftwareworktoathirdparty Pairprogramming-twopeopleworktogether(side-by-side)todesignandconstructasoftwarecomponent,providingreal-timeproblemsolvingandqualitycontrol. Paperprototype-apaperrepresentationofanapplication(e.g.,storyboardsthatdescribetheinteractionatahumaninterface) Paradigms-theprocessmodel Patterns-astylizeddescriptionorcharacterizationofasoftwareproblemorcapabilityand/orthemannerinwhichasolutiontotheproblemorcapabilitymaybecharacterized,applied,andimplemented PDL-programdesignlanguage;acombinationofnaturallanguagewithprogramminglanguage-likeconstructs Perfectivemaintenance-enhancement, Portability-theabilitytotransportsoftwarefromonetargetenvironmenttoanother Preliminarydesign-createsrepresentationofthedataandarchitecture Proceduraldesign-createsrepresentationsofalgorithmicdetailwithinamodule Processframework-arelativelysmallsetoffundamentalsoftwareengineeringactivitiesthatdefineasoftwareprocess Processingnarrative-anaturallanguagedescriptionofamodel(programcomponent) Productivity-workoutputperunittime Programdesignlanguage,seePDL Projectdatabase-theplacewhereconfigurationitemsarekept ProjectPlan-adescriptionofthemanagementapproachforaproject Projectplanning-theactivitythatcreatestheProjectPlan Projectrisks-thesetofpotentialprojectproblemsoroccurrencesthatmaycausetheprojecttofail Projectscope-astatementofbasicrequirementsofthesoftwaretobebuilt Projectsize-anindicationoftheoverallefforttobeexpendedorthenumberofpeopleworkingontheproject Projecttracking-theactivitythatenablesamanagertounderstandthestatusofaproject Projectcontrol-thecontrolofqualityandchange Prototyping-thecreationofamock-upofanapplication Quality-thedegreetowhichaproductconformstobothexplicitandimplicitrequirements Qualityfunctiondeployment(QFD)-atechniquethattranslatestheneedsofacustomerintechnicalrequirementsforsoftwarebyassessingthevalueofeachrequirement Qualitymanagement-asetofsoftwareengineeringactionsthathelpsensurethatsoftwareisbuiltinawaythatachieveshighquality Qualitymetrics-measuresofquality Re-engineering-aseriesofactivitiesthattransformlegacysystems(withpoormaintainability)intosoftwarethatexhibitshighquality Refactoring-changingsoftwareinawaythatimprovesitsinternalstructurebutdoesnotchangeitexternalbehavior;oftenconductediterativelyasdesignevolvesintocode. Regressiontesting-teststhatareconductedrepeatedtoensurethatachangehasnotintroducedsideeffects Reliability-ameasureofthedegreetowhichsoftwareoperatesreliablyoversomeperiodoftime Repository-seeProjectDatabase Requirementsanalysis-amodelingactivitywhoseobjectiveistounderstandwhatthecustomerreallywants Requirementsengineering-theactivitiesrequiredtoelicit,elaborate,negotiate,specify,andvalidatesystemorsoftwarerequirements Resources-anythingthatisrequiredtogettheprojectdone,people,hardware,materials,information,etc. Reusability-theabilitytoreuseanalready-existingprogramcomponentinanotherapplication Reusablecomponents-configurationitemsthatarereusable Reverseengineering-tryingtodevelopdesignmodelsoranunderstandingofdesignusingprogramcodeasastartingpoint Reviews-seeformaltechnicalreviews Risk-apotentialproblemoroccurrencethatputaprojectinjeopardy Riskanalysis-atechniquesforidentifyingandevaluatingrisks RiskManagementandMonitoringPlan(RMMP)-aplanformitigating,monitoringandmanagingrisks Scheduling-theactivitythatlaysoutatimelineforworktobeconductedonaproject Scope-aboundedstatementofwhatmustbeaccomplished Security-theabilityofsoftwaretooperateinamannerthatissecurefrominternalorexternalattack Securitytesting-testingtasksthatprobethevulnerabilityofbothclient-sideandserver-sidesoftware Selectivetesting-testingonlyaselectedsetofprogrampathsanddatainputs Sideeffects-errorsthatoccurbecauseofchanges Sixsigma-awidelyusedstrategyforstatisticalqualityassurance Smoketesting-anintegrationtestingapproachthatconstructsandtestssoftwareonadailybasis Software-programs,documentsanddata Softwareengineering-adisciplinethatencompassestheprocessassociatedwithsoftwaredevelopment,themethodsusedtoanalyze,designandtestcomputersoftware,themanagementtechniquesassociatedwiththecontrolandmonitoringofsoftwareprojectsandthetoolsusedtosupportprocess,methods,andtechniques Softwaremaintenance-seealso,Maintenance, Softwaremetrics-quantitativemeasuresoftheprocessortheproduct Softwareproblemreport-areportofadefect Softwarequality-seequality Softwareprocessimprovement(SPI)-asetofsoftwareengineeringactivitiesthatattempttoimprovethestateofsoftwareengineeringpracticewithinanorganization Softwarequalityassurance(SQA)-aseriesofactivitiesthatassistanorganizationinproducinghighqualitysoftware SoftwareRequirementsSpecification-adeliverablethatdescribesalldata,functionalandbehavioralrequirements,allconstraints,andallvalidationrequirementsforsoftware Softwaresafety-anSQAactivitythatfocusesontheidentificationandassessmentofpotentialhazardthatmayhaveanegativeimpactontheoperationofsoftware Softwaretesting-asetofactivitiesconductedwiththeintentoffindingerrorsinsoftware Spiralmodel-anevolutionarysoftwareengineeringparadigm Stakeholders-anypersonofgroupthathasastakeinthesuccessfulcompletionofasoftwareproject Statetransitiondiagram(STD)-anotationforbehavioralmodeling Statisticalqualityassurance-techniquesforprocessimprovementthatarebasedonmeasurementsoftheproductandtheprocess Stepwiserefinement-atechniqueforaccomplishingfunctionaldecompositionorproceduraldesign(alsocalledpartitioning) Stresstesting-atestingtaskthatdetermineshowsoftwarerespondswhenitisforcedtomeetorexceedoperationallimits Structuredprogramming-adesignmethodthatlimiteddesignconstructstoonlythreebasicformsandconstrainsprogramflowforbetterquality Systemengineering-focusesontheanalysisanddesignofallelementsofacompleteproduct,service,ortechnologyforthetransformationofinformationorcontrol Taskanalysis-asoftwareengineeringactionthatisconductedaspartofuserinterfacedesign;intendedtobetterunderstandhowauseristointeractwithasystem Taskset-acollectionfosoftwareengineeringtasksthatarerequiredtocompleteanactivityoractionthatispartofasoftwareprocessframework Technicalrisks-thesetofpotentialtechnicalproblemsoroccurrencesthatmaycausetheprojecttofail Testcasedesign-asetoftechniquesforderivingeffectivetestcases Testcases,derivationof-thecreationofdatathatcanbeusedtouncovererrorsinthesoftware Testplanandprocedure-adescriptionoftestingstrategyandtactics Testing-asetofactivitiesthatattempttofinderrors Time-boxing-aprojectschedulingandcontroltechniquethatestablishestimeboundariesforthecompletionofaspecificprojecttask Tools-applicationsoftwareusedtoperformsoftwareengineeringtasks(e.g.,designtools,testingtools);seealsoCASEtools Totalqualitymanagement-acompanycommitmenttodevelopaprocessthatachieveshighqualityproductandcustomersatisfaction UML(UnifiedModelingLanguage)-acomprehensivediagrammaticnotationfortheanalysisanddesignofsoftware Unifiedprocess-a"use-casedriven,architecture-centric,iterativeandincremental"softwareprocessthatemphasizestheuseofUMLnotation Unittesting-partofthetestingstrategythatfocusesonteststoindividualprogramcomponents Usability-Aninformalmeasureoftheeasewithwhichauserinterfacecanbelearnedandappliedwithefficiencyandwithouterrors Use-case-awrittendescriptionthatdefinesaveryspecificinteractionbetweenauserandasystem,often(butnotalways)writtenintheformofausagescenario User-thepersonwhoactuallyusedtosoftwareortheproductthathassoftwareembeddedwithinit Userhierarchy-ahierarchicalrepresentationofthecategoriesofusersthatwillinteractwithanytypeofsoftware User-story-ausagescenariothatisusedaspartofExtremeprogramming Validation-teststoensurethatthesoftwareconformstoitsrequirements WebApps(WebApplications)-anyapplicationthatdeliversmeaningfulcontentorfunctionalitytoendusersviatheWeb. Webengineering-theapplicationofsoftwareengineeringprinciples,concepts,andmethods(oradaptationsofthem)tothedevelopmentofWeb-basedapplicationsorsystems. Whiteboxtesting-atestcasedesigntechniquethatmakesuseofaknowledgeoftheinternalprogramlogic Workbreakdownstructure(WBS)-thesetofworktasksrequiredtobuildthesoftware;definedaspartoftheprocessmodel Workflow-thesequenceoftasksthatarerequiredtoaccomplishsomeactivityoraction;often(butnotalways)usedinconjunctionwithsoftwareprocessmodels Workproduct-anycohesiveandpersistentinformationthatisproducedasaconsequenceofoneormoresoftwareengineeringactionsoftasks

了解一下，不知道看过之后能记住几个。。

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